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Home testing, consented to by household members, can increase the number of people who learn their serostatus.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
9 studies
Gray
I, IIIa, IIIb
HIV testing, condoms, counseling, disclosure, health facilities, home-based testing
Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia
Women and Girls in Complex Emergencies
Complex emergencies are situations of disrupted livelihoods and threats to life produced by warfare, civil disturbance and large-scale movements of people, in which any emergency response has to be conducted in a difficult political and security environment (WHO, 2002). Complex emergencies can also be generated from natural disasters. An estimated 200 million people are affected every year by h...
Malaria
Malaria and HIV co-infection is a critical public health problem that may fuel the spread of both diseases in countries where both diseases are endemic. Malaria seems to be more common for people living with HIV and in areas of unstable malaria transmission, people living with HIV face increased risk of death (Mermin et al., 2006). Men and women living with HIV with CD4 counts below 300 cells p...
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
*Respecting, protecting and fulfilling womens rights, particularly the rights of the most marginalized women, is increasingly understood as fundamental to an effective HIV response. Laws reflecting unequal gender norms that discriminate against women may limit their ability to protect themselves from HIV infection. In many countries where women are most at risk for acquiring HIV, laws to protec...
Community-based interventions (including media) that provide accurate information about HIV transmission can significantly reduce HIV stigma and discrimination.
Reducing Stigma and Discrimination
7 studies
Gray
IIIa, IIIb, IV
HIV testing, discrimination, education, knowledge, mass media, microfinance, stigma
China, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Thailand, Vietnam
Migrant Women and Female Partners of Male Migrants
Women and men migrate for any number of reasons: lack of food or employment opportunities, war, etc. "In much of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, millions of people living in poverty have no viable employment opportunities close to home, forcing individuals to migrate from their communities in search of... a means to provide economic resources for their families. Because of changing market de...
Transforming Gender Norms
Gender norms stand in the way of reducing HIV; indeed, a recent study states that, "The global HIV pandemic in its current form cannot be effectively arrested without fundamental transformation of gender norms" (Dunkle and Jewkes, 2007: 173). As former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton stated: "Achieving our objectives for global development will demand accelerated efforts to achieve gend...
Community organizing and mobilization, including "know your rights" initiatives and engagement with customary leaders, can help women claim their legal rights and minimize the impact and further spread of HIV.
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
12 studies
Gray
IIIb, IV, V
community organizing, drug use, legal rights, peer education, peer support, property rights, sex work, training
India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe
When a couple is serodiscordant or both male and female partners are HIV-positive and wish to conceive, having an undetectable viral load and limiting unprotected sex to peak fertility (with the possible use of pre-exposure prophylaxis) may result in the lowest risk of perinatal transmission. [See also %{s:33}]
Pre-Conception
5 studies
Gray
IIIb, V
pre-exposure prophylaxis, pregnancy, serodiscordant, sexual partners, transmission, treatment
Kenya, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Switzerland, Uganda
Staying Healthy and Reducing Transmission
"Me, I try to tell the man that, 'In this house we have been found with this problem. We should accept it. I should not point a finger at you. You, too, should not point a finger at me. Just buy your protection.' And so, little by little what he does now is different from what he did in the past." --Malawi woman living with HIV (Mkandawire-Valhmu and Stephens, 2010: 691)Successfully treated peo...
Creating a sense of community, empowerment and leadership among sex workers can help support effective HIV prevention.
Female Sex Workers
6 studies
Gray
II, IIIb, V
Armenia, HIV testing, community organizing, condoms, empowerment, peer education, prevention, sex workers, violence
India, Kenya
Community or school-based HIV education can reduce stigmatizing attitudes towards those living with HIV
Mitigating Risk
6 studies
Gray
IIIa, IIIb, V
Lao PDR, adolescents, communication, education, knowledge, self-perception, sex education, sexual behavior, stigma
China, South Africa, Thailand, Uganda
