Showing 221 - 236 of 236
Results for "treatment"
Results
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
Male circumcision has now been shown in three randomized clinical trials to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition for men by 50-60% (Auvert et al., 2005; Bailey et al., 2007; Gray et al., 2007). Male circumcision at birth as part of postnatal care could result, upon sexual initiation and during his lifetime, in a reduction in the risk of HIV acquisition. Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) ...
Mass media and social marketing campaigns provide young people with HIV information and are modestly effective in persuading both female and male adolescents to change risky behaviors.
Mitigating Risk
7 studies
Gray
I, IIIa, IIIb, IV, V
abstinence, adolescents, communication, condom use, condoms, female condom, mass media, media, sex behavior, sexual partners, testing, transmission
Botswana, Brazil, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nepal, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe
Strengthening the Enabling Environment
In order for HIV and/or AIDS interventions for women and girls to succeed, factors beyond the health services need to be addressed through multisectoral interventions. These environmental factors include gender norms that guide how girls and boys grow to be women and men, legal norms that confer or withhold rights for women and girls, access to education, income, levels of tolerance for violenc...
Advancing Education
Increasing girls' access to education is critical to combating the AIDS pandemic. "There is a well-established protective effect of schooling on HIV risk" (Pettifor et al., 2008a; Hargreaves et al., 2008a; Jukes et al., 2008 cited in Pettifor et al., 2012a: 1). Education of girls is associated with delayed marriage and childbearing, lower fertility, healthier babies, and increased earning poten...
Training for providers, along with access to the means of universal precautions, can reduce provider discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS. [See also %{c:25}]
Reducing Stigma and Discrimination
6 studies
Gray
II, IIIa, IIIb
HIV testing, Turkey, discrimination, providers, stigma, training, training programs
China, India, Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Vietnam
Sex and HIV education with certain characteristics (see introduction) prior to the onset of sexual activity may be effective in preventing transmission of HIV by increasing age at first sex and, for those who are sexually active, increasing condom use, testing, and reducing the number of sexual partners.
Mitigating Risk
17 studies
Gray
I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV
Bahama, adolescents, behavior change, condom use, contraception, low- and middle-income countries, pregnancy, seroconversion, sex behavior, sex education, sexual partners, testing
Africa, Brazil, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, United States
Community or school-based HIV education can reduce stigmatizing attitudes towards those living with HIV
Mitigating Risk
6 studies
Gray
IIIa, IIIb, V
Lao PDR, adolescents, communication, education, knowledge, self-perception, sex education, sexual behavior, stigma
China, South Africa, Thailand, Uganda
Community-based interventions (including media) that provide accurate information about HIV transmission can significantly reduce HIV stigma and discrimination.
Reducing Stigma and Discrimination
7 studies
Gray
IIIa, IIIb, IV
HIV testing, discrimination, education, knowledge, mass media, microfinance, stigma
China, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Thailand, Vietnam
Routinely offered testing that is voluntary and accompanied by counseling is acceptable to most women.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
9 studies
Gray
II, IIIb, IV, V
HIV testing, PMTCT, antenatal care, pregnancy
Botswana, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Europe, Hong Kong, Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, United States, Zimbabwe
Involving partners, with women’s consent, can result in increased testing and disclosure and may reduce risk of vertical transmission and infant mortality.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
4 studies
Gray
II, IIIa, IIIb
HIV testing, PMTCT, STIs, antenatal care, condoms, counseling, pregnancy, sexual partners
India, Kenya, South Africa
Prevention and Services for Adolescents and Young People
The interventions in this section should also be viewed in conjunction with other topics where young women are included. Studies with adolescent-specific data are also included in the following sections: %{c:5}; %{c:7}; %{c:11}; %{c:13}; %{c:17}; %{c:21}; and %{c:23}.
HIV among adolescents is a growing concern. UNAIDS notes that adolescent girls and young women are a key population in danger o...
Mitigating Risk
Young People Need Information
"I want to know if I can have a boyfriend because every time I ask my mum she tells me not to. I would also love to learn about safe sex and safe motherhood (14 year old adolescent girl living with HIV, Zambia cited in Mburu et al., 2013).
A review of the global literature on adolescents found that "there is a significant unmet need for information, education, an...
Increasing educational attainment can help reduce HIV risk among girls.
Advancing Education
12 studies
Gray
I, II, IIIb, IV, V
HIV testing, Lao PDR, abstinence, condom use, condoms, counseling, education, income, protective behavior, risk behavior, self-perception, sex behavior, sexual behavior, sexual partners, youth
Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Malawi, South Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Community outreach and mobilization can increase uptake of HIV testing and counseling by reaching clients who may not present at a hospital or clinic.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
8 studies
Gray
II, IIIa, IIIb, IV
HIV testing, adolescents, community, community outreach, community-based testing, counseling, couples, health facilities, malaria, support groups, tuberculosis
Indonesia, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Addressing Violence Against Women
Violence, in addition to being a human rights violation, has been clearly demonstrated as a risk factor for HIV (WHO, 2010f; Stephenson, 2007; Jewkes et al., 2006a; Manfrin-Ledet and Porche, 2003; Dunkle et al., 2004; Quigley et al., 2000b; Silverman et al., 2008). Analysis of DHS data in Rwanda showed that currently married women with few, if any, sexual risk factors for HIV but who have exper...
HIV testing and counseling (HTC) can help women know their HIV status and increase their protective behaviors, particularly among those who test HIV-positive.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
14 studies
Gray
I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV
HIV testing, condom use, condoms, contraception, counseling, couples, disclosure, education, health facilities, sex behavior, sexual partners, sexually transmitted infections
Botswana, Dominican Republic, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Trinidad, Uganda, Zimbabwe
