Showing 21 - 29 of 29 Results for "condom use"

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Additional efforts are needed to provide postpartum women with contraception information and methods so they may space or prevent their next pregnancy and use condoms to reduce the likelihood of HIV transmission upon resumption of sexual activity. [See also %{c:15}] Studies found that women were not given contraceptive counseling or contraceptives postpartum and that transport costs restricted their ability to gain access to their contraceptive method of choice. Studies also found an unmet need for postpartum contraception among women living with HIV. Studies found that sexuality and condom use need to be addressed when sexual activity resumes postpartum. Family planning services are most often not provided postpartum in PMTCT programs. Providers and women did not know that clinically well HIV-positive women can use IUDs. Women lacked the full range of available contraception. No study to date has measured pregnancy intention prospectively in an HIV-discordant couple cohort and measured the effect of desired pregnancy on HIV transmission.
Postpartum
1 study
Interventions to increase dual protection and dual method use are needed. Studies found that couples are reluctant to use condoms in addition to other contraceptive methods because it may symbolize distrust of a partner, particularly among adolescents.
Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Women Living With HIV
1 study
Additional efforts are needed to provide postpartum women with contraception information and methods so they may space or prevent their next pregnancy and use condoms to reduce the likelihood of HIV transmission upon resumption of sexual activity. [See %{s:49} and %{c:15}]
Structuring Health Services to Meet Women’s Needs
1 study
Further evaluation of the potential use of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for adolescent women is needed. PrEP has been successfully used by people who inject drugs (Choopanya et al., 2013 cited in Pettitfor et al., 2015), but no studies were found among adolescents who inject drugs. ART is being formulated in vaginal rings (Baeten et al., 2016) which may increase use by adolescents without requiring daily pill taking (Brady et al., 2013 and Tolley et al., 2013 cited in Pettitfor et al., 2015); however, the initial pilot trial showed no effcicacy for those under age 21 but efficacy for those over age 21. One study of qualitative interviews with young women found that if given the option of PrEP, they would not use condoms (Corneli et al., 2015).
Increasing Access to Services
1 study
Interventions in both sending and receiving countries are needed for migrant women and female partners of male migrants who are at high risk of HIV acquisition. Studies found that migrants, and female partners of male migrants, are often at high risk of HIV acquisition yet do not have basic facts concerning HIV transmission nor use condoms.
Migrant Women and Female Partners of Male Migrants
1 study
Additional strategies are needed to address the cultural, gender and other contextual barriers that influence the behavior or decisions of people living with HIV to engage in unsafe sex. [See also %{c:21}] Studies found that factors such as difficulties negotiating condoms, partner refusal, high unemployment, alcohol use, financial dependency, expectations of childbearing, fear of disclosure, etc., influenced protective behavior.
Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Women Living With HIV
1 study
Effective programs (as described here) must be expanded to reach many more young people, especially young people who are most neglected such as very young adolescents, out-of-school youth, young people living with HIV, homeless and rural youth, as well as lesbian, MSM and transgender adolescents and other key populations. [See also %{s:73}] Studies found adolescent girls did not know that anal sex increased the risk of HIV acquisition, did not use condoms, and did not know that oral sex carries a low risk of HIV acquisition. Out-of school-youth were at high risk of early sexual debut. A scan of sex education curricula found that information on key aspects of sex such as information on condoms in addition to negative, fear-based curriculum were prevalent and that less than half of out of school youth were reached. In some countries, pornography was the principal source of information about sex and pornography often depicts condom-free sex and gender inequality, with men in domineering roles (Day, 2014).
Mitigating Risk
1 study
Greater efforts are needed to help young people personalize HIV risks. Studies found that knowledge about HIV prevention was superficial and that young people believed that they were not personally at risk of HIV acquisition despite risky behaviors and that condoms were not used because of “trust in partners.” Another study found that one adolescent girl reported she did not need to test for HIV as the only people at risk for acquiring HIV were those “who go to beer halls and pubs – prostitutes” (Ferrand et al., 2011). Married adolescent girls who had not become pregnant were significantly less likely to have had HIV testing and counseling (HTC) yet reported high rates of coerced sex within marriage, associated with acquiring HIV. Adolescents in one study suggested visiting hospices or people who were sick with HIV to understand more about HIV.
Mitigating Risk
1 study
Actions are needed to increase young people’s knowledge of when and where to access health services, including access to contraception and condoms. A UNESCO review found that young people lacked knowledge of where to access health services to meet their needs. Adolescents in numerous countries are sexually active, yet have low rates of contraceptive use. Adolescents need accurate detailed information about the level of risk of different sex acts (oral, genital and anal). Studies found that youth aged 15 to 24 were at high risk of either acquiring HIV or testing HIV-positive, yet less likely to report having been tested for HIV. Increased knowledge that HIV-positive infants can survive to adolescence is also needed so that these young people can get tested for HIV and access services. In some countries, HIV prevalence among both female and male adolescents who tested for HIV was as high as 16%. [See also Meeting the %{s:35}]
Increasing Access to Services
1 study