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Showing 41 - 60 of 163 Results for "counseling"

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Interventions are needed to provide HIV testing and counseling during labor and delivery that respects informed consent. [See %{c:11} and %{s:43}]
Delivery
1 study
Further efforts are needed to ensure optimal counseling strategies and topics, with detailed information about accessing treatment and risk reduction. Studies found that women who went for an HIV test prior to marriage felt they did not need another HIV test for the duration of the marriage and that pre-test counseling was important. Providers do not feel comfortable asking about sexual practices. Studies have found that those who test HIV-negative engage in a high frequency of sexual risk behaviors.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Further interventions are needed to provide couples counseling and testing to reduce seroconversion during pregnancy. Studies found that inadequate numbers of couples are counseled on safer sex during pregnancy and that despite national guidelines, repeat testing during pregnancy is not routinely done. Studies also found that inadequate spaces for men in antenatal care as well as gender norms that discouraged men from accompanying women to antenatal care discouraged couples testing.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
1 study
Strengthened post-test counseling for those who test HIV positive must explain who is eligible for treatment; the importance of treatment and reducing transmission; and where to access treatment. A study found that women who tested positive did not know about treatment nor where to go to access treatment.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Enforcement of standard protocols is needed to reduce the risk of provider coercion in HIV testing, particularly in provider-initiated testing and counseling. Studies found that significant numbers of women reported that they could not refuse an HIV test or that HIV testing was mandatory.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Further interventions are needed that support women safely through the disclosure process. [See also %{s:43}] Studies found that women in some settings experienced increased violence and abandonment following disclosure or feared violence as a result of disclosure. Some HIV-positive women wish to disclose their serostatus but want trained health providers to help them do so.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Further efforts are needed to determine the optimal frequency of testing in order to minimize HIV transmission in a cost-effective way. In some settings, testing for acute infection is warranted which would require testing every three to six months. A study found that 12% of women and 10% of women who had reported testing HIV-negative were found to be seropositive one to two years later. Modeling studies have found that screening one time, annually, can be cost-effective and that yearly testing in a high incidence area found that potential high-risk transmission with high viral load could be reduced by yearly HIV testing.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
In some countries, knowledge of how and where to access HIV testing is needed. Studies found that significant proportions of youth did not know where or how to take an HIV test, with cost being a barrier.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Affordable incidence assays need to be developed which will distinguish new and recent HIV infections. No affordable incidence assays, which can detect recent and new infections, have been developed or have to be used with conditions that no longer exist, such as lack of access to ARVs. Such an incidence assay could be used to assess impact of particular programmatic efforts and distinguish between older and more recently acquired HIV infections.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Rapid testing is needed in some countries so that people can quickly learn their serostatus without long follow up. In some countries, HIV testing is only done by ELISA tests, takes one month for test results and requires follow up appointments.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Home testing, consented to by household members, can increase the number of people who learn their serostatus.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
9 studies Gray I, IIIa, IIIb HIV testing, condoms, counseling, disclosure, health facilities, home-based testing Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia
Knowledge of treatment availability can increase uptake of HIV testing. [See also %{s:29}]
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
4 studies Gray IIIb, IV, V HIV testing, counseling, treatment South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe
Further efforts are needed to guarantee confidentiality of HIV test results. A study found that nurses and physicians did not access HTC because of fears of confidentiality.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Multiple strategies are needed to promote male involvement in ways that meet pregnant women’s needs. Studies found that some women found their partners’ involvement controlling and/or violent and other women wanted more autonomy in health decision-making. Studies also found men lacked information on vertical transmission and felt excluded from PMTCT programs. Other studies found that women indicated that they could not discuss their HIV serostatus with their husbands.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
1 study
Further interventions are needed to reduce barriers to HIV testing. Studies found that fear of partner notification, risk of domestic violence, the unreliability of rapid HIV tests, test availability, long waiting times at the clinic, costs for transport, lack of childcare and the need for partner consent were barriers to HIV testing. The impact of rapid testing during labor and delivery for HIV-positive women has yet to be assessed and HIV test results were not provided prior to delivery.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
1 study
HIV testing must be linked to access to treatment.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
1 study
Criminalization of HIV transmission may lead pregnant women to not seek testing and care. A study in Ukraine with pregnant women found that providers told women who tested HIV-positive that they carry criminal liability and others did not access care. A global review found that in some countries, vertical transmission is criminalized.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
1 study
In some settings, repeat testing of HIV-negative women during pregnancy is warranted. One study found that acute infection resulted in high rates of vertical transmission. Another study found that of 750 consecutive pregnant women, with an HIV prevalence of 37.3%, 0.9% of women were acutely infected and thus at a high risk of vertical transmission. HIV RNA assays to detect acute infection are very costly (US$1,313) and have not been used routinely in resource-limited settings.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
1 study
Involving partners, with women’s consent, can result in increased testing and disclosure and may reduce risk of vertical transmission and infant mortality.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
4 studies Gray II, IIIa, IIIb HIV testing, PMTCT, STIs, antenatal care, condoms, counseling, pregnancy, sexual partners India, Kenya, South Africa
Testing for and treating syphilis in conjunction with HIV testing for pregnant women will reduce congenital syphilis and can reduce perinatal transmission HIV.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
3 studies Gray IIIa, IIIb HIV testing, PMTCT, syphilis Malawi, Ukraine, Zambia