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Orphans and Vulnerable Children
In some countries, three generations have been affected by HIV (Oladokun et al., 2010a). Even as incidence declines, there is a clear need to continue meeting the needs of children orphaned and made vulnerable due to HIV and AIDS.
"Nowadays there is a deadly disease called AIDS. This disease is only treated but not cured. Anyone can be infected -- male, female, young, old, rich, poor, educated...
Adherence and Support
"I'm 18 years, you are telling me drugs for life?" --Woman living with HIV in Uganda (Hsieh, 2013: 11)Treatment adherence is necessary to continually suppress the virus. Adherence to ART leads to better virological outcomes, prevents disease progression and improves survival (Nachega et al., 2010a; Nachega et al., 2010c). Conversely, inadequate adherence leads to drug resistance, which can then...
HIV testing and counseling (HTC) can help women know their HIV status and increase their protective behaviors, particularly among those who test HIV-positive.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
14 studies
Gray
I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV
HIV testing, condom use, condoms, contraception, counseling, couples, disclosure, education, health facilities, sex behavior, sexual partners, sexually transmitted infections
Botswana, Dominican Republic, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Trinidad, Uganda, Zimbabwe
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
Knowing ones HIV serostatus is the first step in getting the appropriate treatment and care. According to UNAIDS, fewer than 40% of those living with HIV are aware of their serostatus (UNAIDS, 2010c). In parts of sub-Saharan Africa, more than 80% of people living with HIV do not know their positive serostatus (Anand et al., 2009). Global consensus exists that greater knowledge of HIV status is ...
Women Who Use Drugs and Female Partners of Men Who Use Drugs
Despite injecting drug use being a main driver of the HIV epidemic in many parts of the world, evaluated tailored responses for women who use drugs or for female sexual partners of men who use drugs have not matched the needs of this population. Injecting drug use is globally widespread and the main driver of the HIV epidemic in some parts of the world. Approximately 16 million people in 148 co...
Addressing Violence Against Women
Violence, in addition to being a human rights violation, has been clearly demonstrated as a risk factor for HIV (WHO, 2010f; Stephenson, 2007; Jewkes et al., 2006a; Manfrin-Ledet and Porche, 2003; Dunkle et al., 2004; Quigley et al., 2000b; Silverman et al., 2008). Analysis of DHS data in Rwanda showed that currently married women with few, if any, sexual risk factors for HIV but who have exper...
Prevention and Services for Adolescents and Young People
The interventions in this section should also be viewed in conjunction with other topics where young women are included. Studies with adolescent-specific data are also included in the following sections: %{c:5}; %{c:7}; %{c:11}; %{c:13}; %{c:17}; %{c:21}; and %{c:23}.
HIV among adolescents is a growing concern. UNAIDS notes that adolescent girls and young women are a key population in danger o...
Mitigating Risk
Young People Need Information
"I want to know if I can have a boyfriend because every time I ask my mum she tells me not to. I would also love to learn about safe sex and safe motherhood (14 year old adolescent girl living with HIV, Zambia cited in Mburu et al., 2013).
A review of the global literature on adolescents found that "there is a significant unmet need for information, education, an...
Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Women Living With HIV
Given that most HIV transmission occurs through sexual intercourse, it is critical to include a sexual and reproductive health lens in HIV programming. In fact, several European governments have recently revised their international policies, recognizing that HIV/AIDS is a sexual and reproductive health issue (Germain et al., 2009).
All women have the right to decide freely and responsibly on t...
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
*Respecting, protecting and fulfilling womens rights, particularly the rights of the most marginalized women, is increasingly understood as fundamental to an effective HIV response. Laws reflecting unequal gender norms that discriminate against women may limit their ability to protect themselves from HIV infection. In many countries where women are most at risk for acquiring HIV, laws to protec...
Antenatal Care - Treatment
Antiretroviral treatment (ART) for women living with HIV is vital to ensuring safe motherhood and reducing vertical transmission. But not all pregnant women access treatment. For women in high-income countries where access to triple therapy during pregnancy has been the standard of care and is near universal, rates of vertical HIV transmission are as low as 0.4%, for example, in Canada (Forbes ...