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Showing 81 - 100 of 235 Results for "care"

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Health care settings must address the needs of transgender people and reduce barriers to services. One study found that transgender women reported stigma, discrimination and violations of confidentiality by providers.
Transgender Women and Men
1 study
Interventions are needed to ensure that prisoners have ongoing access to HIV treatment and care. Studies found that prisoners lacked access to ARVs, or for those who accessed ARVs, faced the dangers of interrupted treatment due to prison transfers.
Provision and Access
1 study
Cervical cancer screening and treatment integrated into HIV care reduces morbidity and mortality in women living with HIV. [See also %{c:9} for a discussion of access to the HPV vaccine for young women]
Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Women Living With HIV
3 studies Gray II, IIIb, V HAART, cervical cancer, treatment Cameroon, South Africa, Zambia
Health care providers must have access to gowns, gloves, needle-less systems and eye protection to decrease the risk of occupational exposure to HIV. [See %{c:25}]
Delivery
Barriers such as cost of medications, stigma, long clinic waits, lack of food, and child-care responsibilities, among others, may discourage women living with HIV from accessing antiretroviral therapy. A study found that patients who were living with HIV but did not access antiretroviral therapy were twice as likely as patients on antiretroviral therapy to report not having enough food to take with treatment as a concern, in addition to concerns about cost barriers. Another study found that cost of ARVs, with direct out of pocket payment at point of care delivery decreased access to ARVs. Another study found transport costs and waiting time a barrier to access to treatment. Increased efforts are needed so that those in pre-ART care understand that HIV can be transmitted prior to ART eligibility.
Provision and Access
1 study
Repealing laws, policies and practices that criminalize same-sex sexual activity and exacerbate stigma and discrimination against LGBT communities can promote greater access to HIV prevention, treatment and care among MSM and, more broadly, LGBT communities.
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
2 studies Gray IV, V MSM, criminal law, stigma and discrimination
Measures should be taken to stop abuses in health care, including breaches of medical confidentiality, HIV testing without informed consent and forced and coerced sterilization of women living with HIV. Any mandated HIV-related registration, testing and forced treatment may discourage needed access to testing and treatment and adherence.
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
1 study
Efforts are needed to implement and research interventions to alleviate stigma and discrimination on the basis of HIV status, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, sex work and drug use in the health care sector, social services, police and the judiciary. [See %{s:67} and %{c:7}]
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
1 study
NGO and government interventions must take care not to create dependence on externally funded services and decrease the community’s sense of responsibility for OVC. An evaluation of programs providing services to orphans found that because of NGO interventions, communities believed they had no responsibilities towards caregivers and orphans.
Orphans and Vulnerable Children
1 study
Interventions are needed to improve quality of HIV treatment and care within health services. Studies found that guidelines for counseling were missing from facilities and that clients were referred for HIV testing and counseling in geographically distant locations based on donor preference.
Structuring Health Services to Meet Women’s Needs
1 study
Health care providers must have access to gowns, gloves, needle-less systems and eye protection to decrease the risk of occupational exposure to HIV. [See also %{s:47}] Studies noted that gowns, gloves and eye protection should be used in all deliveries and in examinations or procedures likely to generate the splashing of blood or amniotic fluid.
Structuring Health Services to Meet Women’s Needs
1 study
Efforts are needed to ensure that providing family-focused HIV care within maternal and child health programs doesn’t discourage men from seeking HIV services. A study found that men were excluded from PMTCT programs.
Structuring Health Services to Meet Women’s Needs
1 study
Health care provider training is needed to increase confidentiality and decrease discrimination against sex workers seeking health services. Studies found that significant proportions of female and transgender sex workers did not visit health facilities because of lack of confidentiality, discrimination, and lack of counseling when accessing HIV testing.
Female Sex Workers
1 study
Health care settings need to offer appropriate, non-discriminatory services—and be attentive to HIV risk behaviors—to meet the sexual and reproductive health needs of WSW. Studies found that a number of WSW also have sexual relationships with men yet did not get tested for HIV.
Women Who Have Sex With Women (WSW)
1 study
While mobile phones have been shown to be effective in increasing adherence for adults on antiretroviral therapy, more implementation science research is needed on how to effectively employ mobile phones and websites for adolescent HIV prevention, treatment and care and whether adolescents have adequate access via mobile phones.
Mitigating Risk
1 study
Legislation and enforcement of legislation that prohibits employment discrimination against people living with HIV is needed so that accessing HIV care is not seen as jeopardizing one's livelihood. Studies found that those who feared that they would lose their employment if found to be taking ARVs discontinued treatment.
Adherence and Support
1 study
Policy guidelines, including service delivery guidelines, need to specify how contraception should be addressed in HIV prevention, treatment and care. Studies found that many guidelines did not explicitly address family planning in VCT and PMTCT guidelines and that providers and policymakers felt they had insufficient knowledge.
Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Women Living With HIV
1 study
Services to provide sex workers with access to antiretroviral therapy in the same clinics that provide them with condoms, contraceptives, HIV testing and STI services are needed. A study found that sex workers, particularly HIV positive sex workers, wanted integrated comprehensive care to meet all their needs if they tested positive for HIV.
Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Women Living With HIV
1 study
Increased efforts are needed to address the needs of adolescents living with HIV who are pregnant and to create linkages between HIV centers and maternal health clinics. A study showed that use of maternal health services to prevent vertical transmission was lower than the proportion who attended prenatal care. In this study, less than half of pregnant adolescents attended four antenatal care visits. In addition, use of skilled attendance during or after abortion or miscarriage was low.[See also %{c:17} and %{c:25}]
Increasing Access to Services
1 study
Initiatives that provide for early diagnosis and appropriate longitudinal care prior to treatment eligibility are needed to reduce mortality rates and costs among adults accessing treatment. A review found that early mortality among adults accessing antiretroviral therapy can be attributed to late diagnosis of HIV. Despite multiple interactions with parts of the healthcare system, a study of women in Uganda found that late presentation for HIV care resulted largely from the, “inability of the medical system to link women to appropriate care,” (McGrath et al., 2012: 1095). Women entered care only when symptomatic. Another study found that more than a quarter of HIV patients in care prior to ART initiation did not start ART according to national guideline criteria. Another study found that women did not know where to go to access treatment. A review found that a process is needed to optimize transfers of care without treatment interruption and with appropriate medical documentation. Another study found that over half of patients who were not yet known to be eligible for ART at enrollment but who had tested HIV-positive, including a quarter who had CD4 counts taken, were lost to follow up. Another review found that asymptomatic patients perceived little need to initiate ART. Another study found that those with higher CD4 counts who were not yet eligible for ART lacked social support and social capital, yet needed this support.
Provision and Access
1 study