Showing 101 - 120 of 157
Results for "transmission"
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Training on human rights for people living with HIV can increase protection of their rights.
Promoting Women’s Leadership
2 studies
Gray
IIIb, V
Democratic Republic of the Congo, abortion, contraception, human rights, post-exposure prophylaxis, rape, women’s empowerment
Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia
Partner Reduction
Multiple sexual partnerships have long been a concern in HIV prevention programming, which has focused on partner reduction. Multiple partnerships bring increased risk of HIV acquisition: A meta-analysis of 68 epidemiological studies from 1986 to 2006 with 17,000 HIV-positive people and 73,000 HIV-negative people found that women who reported three or more sex partners had three times as much l...
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
In 2007, only an estimated 18% of pregnant women were offered HIV tests (ITPC, 2009). "The purpose of antenatal VCT should be to help a woman prepare for a possible positive HIV diagnosis [and] to provide her with information about PMTCT options" (De Bruyn and Paxton, 2005: 145). In developing country settings, between eight and ten percent of women report having received PMTCT interventions (P...
Peer counseling by mother mentors may improve treatment adherence among pregnant women living with HIV.
Antenatal Care - Treatment
6 studies
Gray
II, IIIa, IIIb, IV, V
adherence, peer support, pregnancy, treatment
Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda
Prevention for Women
In this era of great strides forward in treatment, it is important not to lose sight of the continued need to undertake a range of interventions to prevent HIV transmission. An estimated 2.7 million people newly acquired HIV infection in 2010, as they did for each of the years 2009, 2008 and 2007, down from 3.1 million people in 2002 (WHO et al., 2011b). However, even with all this encouraging ...
Peer support groups can be highly beneficial to women living with HIV.
Women and Girls
11 studies
Gray
IIIa, IIIb, IV, V
PLHA, PMTCT, care, counseling, disclosure, mothers, stigma, support grops, support groups, treatment
Australia, Botswana, India, Kenya, South Africa, Thailand, Uganda, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Informed and appropriate counseling during ANC can lead to increased discussion between partners and increased protective behaviors such as condom use.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
2 studies
Gray
IIIb, V
HIV testing, PMTCT, antenatal care, communication, condom use, counseling, pregnancy
Côte d’Ivoire, Honduras, India, Rwanda, Zambia
Integrating ARV therapy into antenatal care, rather than referring women separately for HIV treatment, can reduce time to treatment and increase adherence for pregnant women living with HIV. [See also %{c:25}] Note: A review found that no one model of care fully addressed all barriers for women, but the most effective models focused on the period of transition between pregnancy and postpartum (Colvin et al., 2014).
Antenatal Care - Treatment
9 studies
Gray
IIIa, IIIb, IV
Zambi, antenatal care, pregnancy, treatment
Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Zambia
Community or school-based HIV education can reduce stigmatizing attitudes towards those living with HIV
Mitigating Risk
6 studies
Gray
IIIa, IIIb, V
Lao PDR, adolescents, communication, education, knowledge, self-perception, sex education, sexual behavior, stigma
China, South Africa, Thailand, Uganda
Structuring Health Services to Meet Women’s Needs
The manner in which health services are structured has an impact on HIV prevention, treatment and care services for women and girls. Women often need multiple reproductive health services such as family planning in addition to HIV prevention, treatment and care, but most health care facilities are not structured to provide integrated services. Integration can be defined broadly as 1) co-locatio...
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
Male circumcision has now been shown in three randomized clinical trials to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition for men by 50-60% (Auvert et al., 2005; Bailey et al., 2007; Gray et al., 2007). Male circumcision at birth as part of postnatal care could result, upon sexual initiation and during his lifetime, in a reduction in the risk of HIV acquisition. Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) ...
Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Women Living With HIV
Given that most HIV transmission occurs through sexual intercourse, it is critical to include a sexual and reproductive health lens in HIV programming. In fact, several European governments have recently revised their international policies, recognizing that HIV/AIDS is a sexual and reproductive health issue (Germain et al., 2009).
All women have the right to decide freely and responsibly on t...
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
*Respecting, protecting and fulfilling womens rights, particularly the rights of the most marginalized women, is increasingly understood as fundamental to an effective HIV response. Laws reflecting unequal gender norms that discriminate against women may limit their ability to protect themselves from HIV infection. In many countries where women are most at risk for acquiring HIV, laws to protec...
Routinely offered testing that is voluntary and accompanied by counseling is acceptable to most women.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
9 studies
Gray
II, IIIb, IV, V
HIV testing, PMTCT, antenatal care, pregnancy
Botswana, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Europe, Hong Kong, Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, United States, Zimbabwe
Women Who Use Drugs and Female Partners of Men Who Use Drugs
Despite injecting drug use being a main driver of the HIV epidemic in many parts of the world, evaluated tailored responses for women who use drugs or for female sexual partners of men who use drugs have not matched the needs of this population. Injecting drug use is globally widespread and the main driver of the HIV epidemic in some parts of the world. Approximately 16 million people in 148 co...
