Showing 1 - 20 of 47 Results for "and Zambia"

Results

Gap
Interventions that reduce commute times and/or ensure easy and safe access to safe public transportation may lessen the risk of sexual violence among adolescent girls. A study found that long commutes for girls increased the risk of sexual violence.
Addressing Violence Against Women
1 study
Judicial action, legislation, and training on legal rights can protect people living with HIV from discrimination. Studies found that people reported being denied housing or being evicted for testing HIV-positive but that peer education on legal rights may increase protect people from discrimination. [See also %{s:61}]
Reducing Stigma and Discrimination
1 study
In some settings, repeat testing of HIV-negative women during pregnancy is warranted. One study found that acute infection resulted in high rates of vertical transmission. Another study found that of 750 consecutive pregnant women, with an HIV prevalence of 37.3%, 0.9% of women were acutely infected and thus at a high risk of vertical transmission. HIV RNA assays to detect acute infection are very costly (US$1,313) and have not been used routinely in resource-limited settings.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
1 study
Interventions to increase the knowledge of people living with HIV — especially women — regarding their rights and provision of resources for them to access and claim these rights need to be scaled up. Studies found that women had insufficient knowledge of their legal rights and no resources to claim their legal rights.
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
1 study
Sex and age disaggregated data is critical to assess which ages are falling through the cracks in data collection. Current HIV data collection masks critically needed data on adolescents ages 10 to 19. For example, a study that disaggregated ages found that loss to follow up for patients aged 10 to 24 was twice as high for ages 15 to 19 than for ages 10 to 14 (Koech et al., 2014).
Increasing Access to Services
1 study
Programs are needed that link interventions addressing HIV/AIDS and child abuse. One report found that no PEP access guidelines exist for children who were raped and were under the age of 14. Other studies found high risk behavior among those who had been sexually abused as children.
Addressing Violence Against Women
1 study
Interventions are needed to improve quality of HIV treatment and care within health services. Studies found that guidelines for counseling were missing from facilities and that clients were referred for HIV testing and counseling in geographically distant locations based on donor preference.
Structuring Health Services to Meet Women’s Needs
1 study
Increased efforts are needed to reduce stigma against adolescents living with HIV, particularly young key populations. A study found that adolescents living with HIV kept silent about their HIV status to schools, friends and family so as to not experience stigma and discrimination.
Increasing Access to Services
1 study
Additional efforts are needed to identify opportunities to offer HIV testing and counseling in health care settings that might reach women who are otherwise inaccessible.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Further efforts are needed to guarantee confidentiality of HIV test results. A study found that nurses and physicians did not access HTC because of fears of confidentiality.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Improvements are needed in health services, such as increased or flexible clinic hours, to reduce wait times and to encourage ART initiation. Interviews with people living with HIV eligible for ART who refused ART found that "the problem is…services….The process is so long" (Musheke et al., 2013a: 236). In addition, waiting to access ART jeopardizes livelihoods. Information systems that can track patients across sites can assist in tracking patients who need care.
Provision and Access
1 study
Legislation and enforcement of legislation that prohibits employment discrimination against people living with HIV is needed so that accessing HIV care is not seen as jeopardizing one's livelihood. Studies found that those who feared that they would lose their employment if found to be taking ARVs discontinued treatment.
Adherence and Support
1 study
Providers and those living with HIV need accurate information on how HIV is transmitted and how most effectively to reduce the likelihood of transmission among serodiscordant couples (or between those who do not know their sero-status), including those who wish to become pregnant – for their own health and that of their future children. [See also %{s:39}] Studies found that both providers and HIV serodiscordant couples were misinformed as to what factors increase the likelihood of HIV transmission.
Staying Healthy and Reducing Transmission
1 study
Further research is needed to understand the links between mastitis and vertical transmission. Studies found that maternal HIV infection was correlated with mastitis and the potential for vertical transmission.
Postpartum
1 study
Successful strategies are needed to increase adherence to ART among adolescents and reduce loss to follow up. A study found that adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 living with HIV were more likely, following treatment initiation, to have higher viral loads, higher rates of virological failure and greater low to follow up from services. Another study found that adolescents (ages 9 to 19) had poorer virological outcomes compared to young adults (ages 20 to 28). A review found few estimates on viral suppression among ages 10 to 19 (All in End Adolescent AIDS, 2015c). A specialized HIV management program could not retain a substantial proportion of those who tested positive for HIV in care. A review of studies of adherence among adolescents and children in Lower and Middle Income countries found that most studies were cross-sectional with age data ranging from six months to 21, limiting the ability to define which strategies are key to increasing adherence among ages 10 to 19. Cognitive behavioral therapy can be further explored as a strategy to increase adherence in adolescent populations.
Increasing Access to Services
1 study
Further research is needed on infant transmission risks of malaria and/or HIV in pregnant women who have malaria-HIV co-infection.
Malaria
1 study
Provision of ART can reduce stigma, but additional interventions are needed. Studies found that lack of knowledge of ARV treatment increased stigma, but that ARV treatment alone did not eliminate stigma and discrimination.
Reducing Stigma and Discrimination
1 study
Studies found that counselors and serodiscordant couples did not understand that the HIV-negative partner could acquire HIV, even after many years and HIV-positive women reported that their husbands refused to use condoms. Fear of partner reaction was a barrier to HIV testing.
Male and Female Condom Use
1 study
Programs must continue to promote protective behavior such as condom use in addition to male circumcision. Studies found that male circumcision is only partially effective, making protective behavior such as partner reduction and condom use, in addition to circumcision, essential. Men who have been circumcised can still transmit HIV to women if they are HIV-positive. Until healing is complete following circumcision, men are more likely to transmit HIV. A post hoc analysis found the HIV-1 acquisition rate among partners of men who remained uncircumcised was 7.9% during the first 6 months after enrollment compared with 27.8% for partners of men who were circumcised and then resumed sexual activity prior to documented healing of the surgical wound, a substantially increased risk.
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
1 study
Interventions are needed to counter gender norms that discourage men from attending health services until they are extremely sick. Studies have shown that norms of masculinity prevent men from accessing ART until severely symptomatic.
Provision and Access
1 study