Showing 1 - 20 of 20 Results for "co-infection"

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Preventing, Detecting and Treating Critical Co-Infections
Certain infections can be significantly more severe and lead to early death for people living with HIV. Tuberculosis (TB) has become the leading cause of death for those living with HIV. Malaria can have serious impacts on pregnant women. Co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), if untreated, increases the risk of non-liver and liver-related illness and death in...
Increased efforts are needed to actively plan for screening and treating HIV-TB co-infection, particularly in antenatal clinics. A study found no planning for HIV-TB co-infection across all levels of the health care system. Other studies found separate services and no information for co-infected patients on the risks of co-infection, plus no screening and treatment of co-infection. [See also %{c:17}]
Tuberculosis
1 study
Routine screening and treatment of TB and HIV patients in endemic countries can increase detection of co-infection and increase patient survival.
Tuberculosis
3 studies Gray II, IIIb TB, screening, treatment Brazil, Rwanda, Sub-Saharan Africa
Further research is needed on infant transmission risks of malaria and/or HIV in pregnant women who have malaria-HIV co-infection.
Malaria
1 study
PCR has a higher sensitivity than blood-smear microscopy to detect malaria co-infection in HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women.
Malaria
2 studies Gray IIIa, IV PCR, malaria, pregnancy, screening, treatment Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya
Routine screening and treatment of TB and HIV patients in endemic countries can increase detection of co-infection and increase patient survival. [See %{s:51}]
Structuring Health Services to Meet Women’s Needs
1 study
Further research is needed to determine the appropriate timing of initiating ART for TB/HIV co-infected patients. Studies conflict with regard to timing of TB therapy and ART for those patients with CD4 counts below 200. Studies also conflict with regard to timing for ART for patients with extra-pulmonary TB.
Tuberculosis
1 study
Further studies are needed to determine whether standard intermittent preventive treatment and antiretroviral therapy regimens are medically and operationally compatible in pregnancy and to determine safe and effective protocols for management of concurrent HIV and malarial infections in pregnant and non-pregnant women living with HIV. A study found that alternative malarial drug regimens should be considered for HIV/malaria co-infected patients receiving nevirapine.
Malaria
1 study
Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling can be acceptable, feasible and lead to high uptake of HIV testing among TB patients.
Tuberculosis
6 studies Gray IIIb, IV, V TB, co-infection, counseling, screening, testing China, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Rwanda, South Africa
Isoniazid preventative therapy can reduce the incidence of active TB and increase survival among people living with HIV.
Tuberculosis
7 studies Gray I, II, IIIa, IIIb TB, antiretrovirals, co-infection, screening, treatment Botswana, Brazil, South Africa, Tanzania
Hepatitis
Preventing, Detecting and Treating Critical Co-Infections
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, most often caused by a virus. The most common types of viruses are hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D and hepatitis E. "Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and are not known to cause chronic liver disease" (WHO, 2010c). A vaccine exists for hepatitis A and a meta-analysis of eight studies fr...
Malaria
Preventing, Detecting and Treating Critical Co-Infections
Malaria and HIV co-infection is a critical public health problem that may fuel the spread of both diseases in countries where both diseases are endemic. Malaria seems to be more common for people living with HIV and in areas of unstable malaria transmission, people living with HIV face increased risk of death (Mermin et al., 2006). Men and women living with HIV with CD4 counts below 300 cells p...
Tuberculosis
Preventing, Detecting and Treating Critical Co-Infections
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people with HIV globally, accounting for almost 25% of all HIV deaths in 2008 (WHO, 2009i). The risk of acquiring TB is 21-34 times greater among people living with HIV than in the general population. In 2010, of 8.8 million incident TB cases worldwide, 1.1 million were among people living with HIV, with an estimated 350,000 deaths (WHO, 2011f). ...
[See also %{c:13}]
Women Prisoners and Female Partners of Male Prisoners
2 studies Gray IIIb HIV testing, prisoners, treatment Côte d’Ivoire, Indonesia
Initiating HIV treatment before or during TB therapy can reduce the incidence of TB and increase patient survival for those living with HIV, including for patients with XDR TB.
Tuberculosis
8 studies Gray II, IIIa, IIIb, IV HAART, HIV testing, TB, antiretrovirals, treatment Ethiopia, South Africa, Spain, Thailand
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
Safe Motherhood and Prevention of Vertical Transmission
In 2007, only an estimated 18% of pregnant women were offered HIV tests (ITPC, 2009). "The purpose of antenatal VCT should be to help a woman prepare for a possible positive HIV diagnosis [and] to provide her with information about PMTCT options" (De Bruyn and Paxton, 2005: 145). In developing country settings, between eight and ten percent of women report having received PMTCT interventions (P...
Active case finding increases TB detection, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV is driving the epidemic.
Tuberculosis
4 studies Gray IIIb, V TB, counseling, screening, testing India, Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa
Counseling improves adherence.
Adherence and Support
6 studies Gray I, II, IIIa adherence, and Zambia, community, community health workers, counseling, health care providers, support, treatment Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania
Structuring Health Services to Meet Women’s Needs
The manner in which health services are structured has an impact on HIV prevention, treatment and care services for women and girls. Women often need multiple reproductive health services such as family planning in addition to HIV prevention, treatment and care, but most health care facilities are not structured to provide integrated services. Integration can be defined broadly as 1) co-locatio...
Provision and Access
Treatment
Antiretroviral therapy has been successfully administered in a range of situations with adherence, retention, and clinical outcomes similar to those achieved in resource-rich countries. Increasing provision and access, grounded in human rights based approaches, across all populations is critical to continuing that success. "I cook scones for my children and do not get tired. I do chores, pound...