Showing 1 - 16 of 16 Results for "depression"

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Further interventions to provide support programs, including counseling, are needed for AIDS-orphaned children and their caregivers to combat depression, social isolation and stigma. Studies found that AIDS orphans reported insufficient food, depression and stigma.
Orphans and Vulnerable Children
1 study
Screening for post-partum depression among HIV-positive women may be warranted. [See also %{s:71}] A study found high rates of postpartum depression among HIV-positive women.
Postpartum
1 study
Further interventions are needed to provide support (physical, psychological, technological, economic) to patients and caregivers. Studies showed that patients and caregivers have many physical, psychological, and economic unmet needs, with high rates of depression and poverty, and in some cases, rely on their young children or relatives to provide care with no outside support. Some studies show that caregivers suffer from stigma attached to caring for someone HIV-positive. [See also %{s:67}] Some studies showed that women have a lower quality of life than men. A study in a high HIV prevalence area showed that for women, lack of control in sexual decision-making was associated with depression, while for men, intergenerational sex was associated with depression.
Women and Girls
1 study
Interventions are needed to reduce barriers to treatment adherence and to understand how these differ by sex. Increased research is needed to understand the most effective strategies to increase adherence. Studies found that a number of barriers that impact treatment adherence, such as violence, stigma, transport costs, childcare, forced migration, the need for food, the need to hide their medication from their male partners and changes in body image. Screening and treatment for depression may improve adherence, although some studies have shown mixed results. A review found that adherence differs by sex, but with little disaggregation for which factors affect women. Data collection should be more nuanced and not assume that women fall into static groups. A study of people living with HIV who disengaged from ART found that harsh and disrespectful treatment by providers, as well as competing work and livelihood demands, lack of funds for transport, etc. made attendance at ART clinics challenging.
Adherence and Support
1 study
Interventions, policies and budgets are needed to reduce sexual coercion and rape of both boys and girls, create awareness in communities that violence against children is unacceptable, strengthen child statutory protection systems, and conceptualize and implement appropriate child protection services in developing countries. Access to post-exposure prophylaxis in case of rape when the perpetrator is HIV-positive is also needed. [See also %{c:21}] In most countries of Eastern and Southern Africa, the age of consent for sex is 16. Despite these restrictions, more than 10% of girls have had sexual debut before age 15. A study found that in a sample of more than 1,000 males and more than 1,000 females, large numbers had experienced high rates of physical punishment, emotional abuse and touching of sexual organs when not wanted or sex due to force or coercion prior to age 18 and that incident HIV infections were more common in women who suffered emotional abuse, sexual abuse and physical punishment. Sexual abuse in men was associated with alcohol abuse and depression. Other studies found high rates of sexual coercion and high-risk behaviors among street children. “Few children disclose abuse, fewer still seek services and report to authorities, virtually no children actually receive services and perpetrators rarely suffer consequences” (Sommarin et al., 2014: S213). Most research does not provide adolescent-specific data on violence, instead listing results for ages 15 to 49. Reviews have not found evidence that preventive responses have had an impact on rates of sexual abuse. Effective programs in the US and Canada have not been assessed for adaptation in other countries.
Mitigating Risk
1 study
Psychological counseling and mentoring for OVC may improve their psychological well-being.
Orphans and Vulnerable Children
3 studies Gray II, IIIa, IV counseling, depression, orphans, support groups, youth Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
Continued counseling (either group or individual) and related training for those who are HIV-positive and those affected by HIV can relieve psychological distress.
Women and Girls
4 studies Gray II, IV, V counseling, depression, mental health, psychosocial impact, psychosocial support, risk behavior, sex behavior, support Nigeria, South Africa, Thailand, Uganda
Providing community development projects, rather than a narrowly defined HIV/AIDS program, may reduce the stigma against OVC.
Orphans and Vulnerable Children
2 studies Gray IV OVC, community-based care, stigma Kenya, Tanzania
Peer counseling by mother mentors may improve treatment adherence among pregnant women living with HIV.
Antenatal Care - Treatment
6 studies Gray II, IIIa, IIIb, IV, V adherence, peer support, pregnancy, treatment Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda
Access to ARVs may decrease stigma and improve quality of life. [See also %{s:67}]
Women and Girls
2 studies Gray IIIb Swaziland and Tanzania, stigma, support groups, treatment Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa
Knowledge of treatment availability can increase uptake of HIV testing. [See also %{s:29}]
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
4 studies Gray IIIb, IV, V HIV testing, counseling, treatment South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe
Programs that promote the strength of families and offer family-centered integrated economic, health and social support result in improved health and education outcomes for orphans.
Orphans and Vulnerable Children
6 studies Gray IIIb, IV, V OVC, children, community care, community-based care, counseling, family, grandparents, orphans, sexual behavior, support groups Botswana, China, Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Fixed dose once-daily ARVs can improve adherence and clinical outcomes.
Adherence and Support
3 studies Gray I adherence, treatment
Women and Girls
Care and Support
By all estimates, most care and support is provided in the home and women provide two-thirds or more of that care and support (Ogden et al., 2006; Homan et al., 2005b; Akintola, 2006; UN, 2008b; Nyangara et al., 2009b; Surkan et al., 2010). However, this means that one-third of care and support is provided by men, and some have argued that making this more visible can shift gender norms and inc...
Community health workers and community-based support can increase uptake of safe motherhood interventions for women living with HIV and reduce vertical transmission
Antenatal Care - Treatment
9 studies Gray II, IIIa, IIIb community-based outreach, community-based support, infants, pregnancy, treatment Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa
Reducing Stigma and Discrimination
Strengthening the Enabling Environment
"...Three decades into the epidemic, stigmatization remains a core feature of the patient experience of HIV/AIDS" (Gilbert and Walker, 2010: 144). Or as one woman living with HIV in Thailand put it: "It does not matter how many thousand people have HIV/AIDS... I would say that only zero percent will accept people living with HIV/AIDS" (Liamputtong et al., 2009: 865). Stigma and discrimination h...