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Provision and Access Gap
Adequate supply planning and secure funding are needed to avoid ARV stock-outs and use of obsolete medications. "As ART cannot be interrupted without risk of development of drug resistance – and hence worse survival – people on ART need an uninterrupted supply…" (WHO, 2014a: 32). The Coordinated Procurement Planning Initiative, which monitors the supply of ARVs in 22 countries, found that at any point half of these countries were at high risk of stock out (WHO, 2014a).  Between 30% and 45% of low- and middle-income countries have annually reported stock outs in recent years (WHO, 2014a).  Studies in multiple sub-Saharan African countries report stock shortages and stock outs as major risk factors for treatment interruption. "….Models of supply chain management need to be directly tied to health outcomes to ensure that the priority is improving health rather then reducing costs" (Ying et al., 2014, para 17).
Provision and Access
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