Showing 1 - 10 of 10
Results for "pre-exposure prophylaxis"
Results
When a couple is serodiscordant or both male and female partners are HIV-positive and wish to conceive, having an undetectable viral load and limiting unprotected sex to peak fertility (with the possible use of pre-exposure prophylaxis) may result in the lowest risk of perinatal transmission. [See also %{s:33}]
Pre-Conception
5 studies
Gray
IIIb, V
pre-exposure prophylaxis, pregnancy, serodiscordant, sexual partners, transmission, treatment
Kenya, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Switzerland, Uganda
Further evaluation of the potential use of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for adolescent women is needed. PrEP has been successfully used by people who inject drugs (Choopanya et al., 2013 cited in Pettitfor et al., 2015), but no studies were found among adolescents who inject drugs. ART is being formulated in vaginal rings (Baeten et al., 2016) which may increase use by adolescents without requiring daily pill taking (Brady et al., 2013 and Tolley et al., 2013 cited in Pettitfor et al., 2015); however, the initial pilot trial showed no effcicacy for those under age 21 but efficacy for those over age 21. One study of qualitative interviews with young women found that if given the option of PrEP, they would not use condoms (Corneli et al., 2015).
Prevention for Women
In this era of great strides forward in treatment, it is important not to lose sight of the continued need to undertake a range of interventions to prevent HIV transmission. An estimated 2.7 million people newly acquired HIV infection in 2010, as they did for each of the years 2009, 2008 and 2007, down from 3.1 million people in 2002 (WHO et al., 2011b). However, even with all this encouraging ...
Pre-Conception
Although many women do not learn their HIV status until they become pregnant, for those women who know they are HIV-positive prior to choosing to become pregnant, pre-conception assessments may inform both her and her partner of the safest way to become pregnant without HIV transmission to the infant or HIV transmission between serodiscordant couples. Therefore, throughout their reproductive ye...
Treatment as Prevention
Antiretroviral medication has been successfully used in a number of ways: first and foremost to treat those with high viral load and diminishing CD4 counts; secondly to prevent vertical transmission of HIV from pregnant and breastfeeding women to their infants; third, as a prophylactic for those who have been exposed to HIV occupationally or through sexual assault (post-exposure prophylaxis, PE...
Prevention for Key Affected Populations
Some women are particularly at risk of HIV acquisition due to their occupational exposures, their behavior or that of their sexual partner(s), their sexual identity and/or their sexual orientation. These women live in particularly challenging situations and have high vulnerability to HIV infection and low access to HIV services (Beyrer et al., 2011). UNAIDS defines key populations as those most...
Increasing Access to Services
While the literature on access to HIV services by adolescents is limited, the literature on access to sexual and reproductive health services more broadly demonstrates that youth-friendly approaches can increase use of reproductive health care services by female adolescents (Gay et al., 2015). Young peoples service needs are frequently overlooked in HIV programming that is not specifically for ...
Antenatal Care - Treatment
Antiretroviral treatment (ART) for women living with HIV is vital to ensuring safe motherhood and reducing vertical transmission. But not all pregnant women access treatment. For women in high-income countries where access to triple therapy during pregnancy has been the standard of care and is near universal, rates of vertical HIV transmission are as low as 0.4%, for example, in Canada (Forbes ...
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
Knowing ones HIV serostatus is the first step in getting the appropriate treatment and care. According to UNAIDS, fewer than 40% of those living with HIV are aware of their serostatus (UNAIDS, 2010c). In parts of sub-Saharan Africa, more than 80% of people living with HIV do not know their positive serostatus (Anand et al., 2009). Global consensus exists that greater knowledge of HIV status is ...
