Showing 1 - 19 of 19 Results for "sex workers"

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All sex workers, but particularly sex workers living with HIV, need access to information and services for contraception and dual method use. Studies found that sex workers, particularly HIV-positive sex workers, lacked access to contraceptive options and had high rates of abortion. [See also %{c:15}]
Female Sex Workers
1 study
Changes in strategies are needed for efforts that stigmatize sex workers and force mandatory testing without confidentiality. Studies in China found that sex workers are mandated to be tested for HIV in re-education camps but many are not informed of their serostatus. Studies found that sex workers were sent to labor re-education camps, were publicly shamed as sex workers and IDUs and had low rates of testing, condom use and access to services. Studies also found that cities in China that detain sex workers have a higher mean HIV prevalence compared to cities that do not detain sex workers.
Female Sex Workers
1 study
Integrated harm reduction programming is needed for sex workers who use drugs. Site visits and a meeting of service providers, NGOs and people who use drugs found that programs for drug users and sex workers are provided separately, with the result that drug using sex workers are excluded from most services.
Women Who Use Drugs and Female Partners of Men Who Use Drugs
1 study
Services to provide sex workers with access to antiretroviral therapy in the same clinics that provide them with condoms, contraceptives, HIV testing and STI services are needed. A study found that sex workers, particularly HIV positive sex workers, wanted integrated comprehensive care to meet all their needs if they tested positive for HIV.
Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Women Living With HIV
1 study
Health care provider training is needed to increase confidentiality and decrease discrimination against sex workers seeking health services. Studies found that significant proportions of female and transgender sex workers did not visit health facilities because of lack of confidentiality, discrimination, and lack of counseling when accessing HIV testing.
Female Sex Workers
1 study
Interventions are needed to combat gender-based violence of sex workers and women who inject drugs. [See %{s:9} and %{s:11}]
Addressing Violence Against Women
Interventions are needed to provide sex workers with greater control and access over money and resources, which can have a positive impact on HIV-related risk reduction. Studies found that if sex workers had access to resources under their control, women were more likely to negotiate condom use and that female sex workers in debt were less likely to report condom use.
Female Sex Workers
1 study
Efforts are needed to avoid disruption of HIV and AIDS programmes during raids and other policing mechanisms. Studies found that HIV prevention efforts are disrupted during raids and that carrying condoms is used to prosecute sex workers.
Female Sex Workers
1 study
Changing laws and policies, ending police violence, and other mechanisms are needed to protect sex workers from violence and rape. Studies found sex workers experienced high rates of violence and rape from clients and police, and that fear of arrest was a barrier to accessing health services. Studies also found that violence was associated with inconsistent condom use and HIV incidence. Studies also found high rates of violence from intimate partners and clients, but inability to press charges.
Female Sex Workers
1 study
Basic information on HIV such as where to access condoms and confidential HIV testing is still needed for sex workers in some settings. Studies found that sex workers lacked adequate knowledge of HIV and few had sought testing. Most did not know where to obtain condoms or understand that condoms could reduce the risk of HIV acquisition. Others had misconceptions that showering could reduce risk of acquiring HIV
Female Sex Workers
1 study
Efforts are needed to provide HIV prevention and services to children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 who sell sex. [See also Prevention for Young People: %{s:25}] A number of studies show that significant numbers of sex workers selling sex when they are under age 18 and these adolescents are at high risk of acquiring HIV and have numerous legal and policy barriers, such as fear of the police, needing a guardian over age 18 to access HIV testing and counseling, and forced detention, in trying to access services.
Female Sex Workers
1 study
Health care provider training is needed to increase confidentiality and decrease discrimination against sex workers seeking health services. [See %{s:9}]
Structuring Health Services to Meet Women’s Needs
1 study
Interventions are needed to meet the contraceptive needs of different groups of women who are living with HIV, such as sex workers, migrants, young women, etc. [See %{c:15}]
Preventing Unintended Pregnancies
1 study
Treatment programs that meet the needs of key populations such as sex workers and trans populations are needed. Recent WHO guidelines (WHO, 2014b) have noted that key populations living with HIV should have the same access to ART and ART management as other populations.
Provision and Access
1 study
Tailored interventions are urgently needed to provide greater availability and access to female condoms, along with education and training regarding their use as an additional option to male condoms. Studies found that women, including female sex workers, felt that they could avoid conflict and enhance their safe sex bargaining power by using a female condom when their sexual partner refused to use a male condom.
Male and Female Condom Use
1 study
HIV prevention interventions are needed for methamphetamine, crack, midazolam and/or heroin. People who use various drugs are at high risk of acquiring HIV and amphetamine is often used to enhance and prolong sexual pleasure and to reduce sexual inhibitions. High rates of HIV were found in a group of female crack users and sex workers using amphetamines. There is no effective pharmacotherapy, such as methadone, for cocaine or methamphetamine.
Women Who Use Drugs and Female Partners of Men Who Use Drugs
1 study
Interventions are needed to meet the contraceptive needs of different groups of women who are living with HIV, such as sex workers, migrants, young women, etc. A recent review of studies using experimental or quasi-experimental design to attribute program exposure to observed changes in fertility or family planning outcomes at the individual or population level, with 63 studies from 1995 to 2008, found that studies did not assess the differential impact of interventions across target audiences.
Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Women Living With HIV
1 study
Efforts are needed to effectively implement Option B+ in non-prejudicial ways. Women who were sex workers reported being denied care until delivery. Women who were not accompanied by husbands were denied any health services during pregnancy. A sign on health centers read: “Notice: all pregnant women are supposed to come with their husbands/partners at their first visit. You will not be given services without implementing this” (Beckham et al., 2015: 66).
Antenatal Care - Treatment
1 study
Intensified efforts are needed to increase male and female condom use and reduce multiple partnerships by people who know their HIV-positive status and are not virally suppressed, including young people. Studies found that consistent condom use between discordant couples (or with partners whose serostatus was unknown) was low and, among those on treatment, decreased over time. Lack of condom use was associated with fear of disclosure. People living with HIV as well as couples also believed that treatment with antiretroviral therapy meant that they were either cured of HIV or could no longer transmit the virus and were less likely to disclose their positive serostatus. In some studies, men are more likely to report condom use than women, "given the limited control that women have over the use of the male condom" (Walusaga et al., 2012: 698). Particular attention is also needed to provide condoms to men living with HIV who frequent sex workers, as well as for sex workers themselves to protect themselves (Paz-Bailey et al., 2012). [See %{s:9}]
Staying Healthy and Reducing Transmission
1 study