Showing 1 - 20 of 41 Results for "violence against women"

Results

Addressing Violence Against Women
Strengthening the Enabling Environment
Violence, in addition to being a human rights violation, has been clearly demonstrated as a risk factor for HIV (WHO, 2010f; Stephenson, 2007; Jewkes et al., 2006a; Manfrin-Ledet and Porche, 2003; Dunkle et al., 2004; Quigley et al., 2000b; Silverman et al., 2008). Analysis of DHS data in Rwanda showed that currently married women with few, if any, sexual risk factors for HIV but who have exper...
Public health promotion can increase awareness of violence against women.
Addressing Violence Against Women
3 studies Gray IIIb gender equity, mass media, violence India, South Africa, Zambia
Enacting and enforcing laws and policies that respect, protect and fulfill women’s human rights, including those protecting women’s rights to land, property and inheritance and addressing violence against women, can enhance women’s ability to cope with HIV.
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
3 studies Gray IIIb, V inheritance, property rights, violence against women East Africa, Southern Africa
Establishing comprehensive post-rape care protocols, which include PEP and emergency contraception, can improve services for women.
Addressing Violence Against Women
4 studies Gray IIIb, V counseling, post-exposure prophylaxis, pregnancy, providers, rape, violence Kenya, South Africa
Interventions are needed to combat gender-based violence of sex workers and women who inject drugs. [See %{s:9} and %{s:11}]
Addressing Violence Against Women
Training teachers about gender-based violence can change norms about acceptance of gender-based violence.
Addressing Violence Against Women
2 studies Gray IIIb pregnancy, teachers, training programs, violence Ghana, Malawi, South Africa
Microfinance programs can lead to reduction in gender-based violence when integrated with participatory training on HIV, gender, and violence.
Addressing Violence Against Women
1 study Gray II gender norms, microfinance, self-perception, violence South Africa
Strategies are needed to ensure that women are able to complete their PEP regimen. One study found that travel costs and distance were factors in women not completing their PEP regimen. A meta-analysis found that adherence to PEP is poor in all settings (Chacko et al., 2012).
Addressing Violence Against Women
1 study
Community-based participatory learning approaches involving men and women can create more gender-equitable relationships, thereby decreasing violence. [See also %{s:57}]
Addressing Violence Against Women
5 studies Gray II, IIIa, IIIb, IV condom use, condoms, gender norms, gender relations, men, sex behavior, violence Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda
Programs are needed to reduce violence against women who test HIV-positive and/or are already living with HIV. A study found that HIV-positive women report that they were subjected to violence upon disclosure of their serostatus. Women living with HIV continue to experience violence (Hale and Vazquez, 2011). A study of serodiscordant couples found that intimate partner violence was more frequent in those who were HIV positive (2.7% as compared to 2.2%). Those women who suffered from violence prior to couples testing continued to experience violence (Were et al., 2011).
Addressing Violence Against Women
1 study
Interventions that reduce commute times and/or ensure easy and safe access to safe public transportation may lessen the risk of sexual violence among adolescent girls. A study found that long commutes for girls increased the risk of sexual violence.
Addressing Violence Against Women
1 study
Programs are needed that link interventions addressing HIV/AIDS and child abuse. One report found that no PEP access guidelines exist for children who were raped and were under the age of 14. Other studies found high risk behavior among those who had been sexually abused as children.
Addressing Violence Against Women
1 study
Effective interventions are needed to reduce sexual coercion among youth. A study among youth both found high rates of sexual coercion for both males and females which was correlated with early sexual debut and a greater likelihood of multiple sexual partners. [See also %{c:9}]
Addressing Violence Against Women
1 study
Women who use drugs need access to services for violence against women, dual method use, effective contraception and reproductive health. Studies found high rates of violence, including rape, and lack of access to reproductive health services among women who use drugs. One study found high rates of unintended pregnancies.
Women Who Use Drugs and Female Partners of Men Who Use Drugs
1 study
Supportive legal and policy frameworks are needed to prevent and redress all forms of violence against women, particularly women living with HIV, women engaged in sex work and women who have sex with women, including in intimate partner settings. [See %{c:7} and %{s:59}]
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
1 study
Integrating legal education and services into health care settings can help ensure that women are able to secure their rights.
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
6 studies Gray IIIa, IV, V HIV-related discrimination, legal assistance, people who use drugs, post-exposure prophylaxis, property rights, rape, violence against women, wills Kenya, Ukraine, Zambia
Programs for male circumcision need to provide women, as well as men, with detailed factual knowledge of the benefits and risks of voluntary medical male circumcision. Surveys found that women lacked detailed factual knowledge of the benefits and risks of voluntary medical male circumcision and believed that if their male partner was circumcised (whether medically or traditionally) that condom use was unnecessary to protect them from acquiring HIV. Both women and men needed knowledge that abstinence is necessary during wound-healing. Women also need to know that female genital cutting does NOT protect against HIV acquisition or transmission. Women reported that circumcised men adopted risky sexual behaviors. Women feared that medical male circumcision would reduce their ability to negotiate for safer sex and would increase violence. A study of women who acquired HIV found that a large proportion of women reported not knowing whether their partner was circumcised.
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
1 study
Interventions are needed for adolescents to reduce acceptance of gender-based violence and stigma against people living with HIV. A study found high rates of stigma among adolescent girls. A nationally representative survey of youth in Tanzania found high rates of acceptance for a husband to beat his wife if she goes out without telling him; argues with him; burns food; or refuses to have sex with him. In 35% of countries with data available, more than 50% of women and men report discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV (UNAIDS, 2015e).
Mitigating Risk
1 study
Interventions, policies and budgets are needed to reduce sexual coercion and rape of both boys and girls, create awareness in communities that violence against children is unacceptable, strengthen child statutory protection systems, and conceptualize and implement appropriate child protection services in developing countries. Access to post-exposure prophylaxis in case of rape when the perpetrator is HIV-positive is also needed. [See also %{c:21}] In most countries of Eastern and Southern Africa, the age of consent for sex is 16. Despite these restrictions, more than 10% of girls have had sexual debut before age 15. A study found that in a sample of more than 1,000 males and more than 1,000 females, large numbers had experienced high rates of physical punishment, emotional abuse and touching of sexual organs when not wanted or sex due to force or coercion prior to age 18 and that incident HIV infections were more common in women who suffered emotional abuse, sexual abuse and physical punishment. Sexual abuse in men was associated with alcohol abuse and depression. Other studies found high rates of sexual coercion and high-risk behaviors among street children. “Few children disclose abuse, fewer still seek services and report to authorities, virtually no children actually receive services and perpetrators rarely suffer consequences” (Sommarin et al., 2014: S213). Most research does not provide adolescent-specific data on violence, instead listing results for ages 15 to 49. Reviews have not found evidence that preventive responses have had an impact on rates of sexual abuse. Effective programs in the US and Canada have not been assessed for adaptation in other countries.
Mitigating Risk
1 study
Prevention for Women
In this era of great strides forward in treatment, it is important not to lose sight of the continued need to undertake a range of interventions to prevent HIV transmission. An estimated 2.7 million people newly acquired HIV infection in 2010, as they did for each of the years 2009, 2008 and 2007, down from 3.1 million people in 2002 (WHO et al., 2011b). However, even with all this encouraging ...